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so a lot of the science being done on

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the international space station design

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to learn more about how the human body

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responds to extended periods of time in

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the weightless environment of space the

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space station crew members themselves

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serving as those test subjects one new

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experiment in this area which is

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actually sponsored by the canadian space

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agency recently got underway and it's

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called the marrow study which is

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actually looking at bone marrow in these

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astronauts recently my colleague brandi

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dean spoke with the experiments

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principal investigator dr g trudell a

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professor of medicine surgery and

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biochemistry at the university of ottawa

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and also with one of his

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co-investigators dr odette lenouville of

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the university of ottawa and asked what

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they suspect is happening to the bone

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marrow of astronauts during

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we're a group of scientists at the bone

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and joint research lab and we're

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focusing our research on the biology of

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rehabilitation

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so when

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decreased physical forces are acting on

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the bone as you describe there are

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changes on changes on the bone itself

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and the bone structure

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but we were interested in what's

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happening with the other role of the

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bone as an organ and that's really the

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role of the bone marrow inside the bone

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to form the all the blood elements the

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red blood cells the white blood cells

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and the platelets

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so in our experiments related to

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immobility removing the physical forces

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on the bone we noticed uh spectacular

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changes in the bone marrow in some model

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is in that the bone marrow shifted from

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being

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full of cells producing the red blood

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cells and the white blood cells

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to a bone marrow more filled with fat

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cells so when a fat transformation of

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the bone marrow okay so um

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if fat cells reduce blood cell

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population in bone marrow what what

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happens to the astronaut

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so if that process

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is led to its worst case scenario that

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is a bone marrow failure then you are

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unable to mount a response to produce

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the blood cells that you need

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for survival basically

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so bone is a

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rigid structure so if you have invasion

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of one of its component it's at the

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expense of the other component

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so

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what would be examples of symptoms

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happening from a bone marrow failure so

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basically the lack of production of your

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red blood cells will lead to anemia

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so a person who is anemic will be

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weaker will have less resistance less

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force less endurance which could

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compromise emission

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uh

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dysfunctioning white blood cells or a

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low number of white blood cells will

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make you more susceptible to infections

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or autoimmune diseases

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the last function of the bone marrow is

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the production of platelets and these

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are responsible to stop the bleed and to

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create a blood clot

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so

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the changes that we've measured in the

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models and in bed-ridden patients

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are showing some smaller changes in fat

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accumulation but if that were to be

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extrapolated to a longer mission in

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microgravity this could lead to

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a bone marrow failure

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i see okay well so how how does your

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investigation the mirabe investigation

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how does it um

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look at that in astronauts in particular

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so the

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protocol we've developed is to

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gather some biological samples from the

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astronauts

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pre-flight during flights and after

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flight

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and the protocols and methods that we

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developed was in collaboration with the

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canadian space agency

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in canada

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and

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with

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through a team effort we were able to

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design some sampling methods that will

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allow us to estimate or to measure how

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much fat is in the marrow and that will

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be using

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magnetic resonance imaging and coupled

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to spectroscopy

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and also to look at the blood itself

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through samples of blood

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collected over time so the sampling for

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alveolar air or breath

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will be pre-flagged during flight and

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toast flight so for this we had to

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design this

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contraption that we use for collecting

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the alveolar and not the air that is

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present in the

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airways

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and so it's a temporal study we will be

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able to

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estimate and measure the impact of

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microgravity exposure

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on the content the fat content of the

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marrow

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i think what is key

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or what is of high interest for our team

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is the post flight period and rehab

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how does the

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body and the marrow

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return to a normal state

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after flight so we will monitor those

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participants those astronauts over an

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extensive over a year post-flight and

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we are very thankful that the for those

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who already have agreed to participate

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and

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those who will in future participate in

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marrow

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while on board at the iss how do you

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expect that this experiment is going to

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help us as we're going forward in future

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exploration

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as you alluded to earlier this will have

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implications for astronauts on

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long-duration flights and upon their

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return

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for example

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we want we will evaluate if the

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phenomenon happens

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it will allow to

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develop counter measures

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what could prevent this

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fat accumulation in the bone marrow

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how fast is the progress

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and

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white blood cell production

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brought on board long duration missions

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such as the duration to mars that can be

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physical countermeasure could be

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pharmacological countermeasures as well

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and i know you also mentioned that um

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you were working with bed rest patients

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as well so are there are there

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implications to this that could help

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them in the future or any of us here on

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you're talking to a rehabilitation

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physician so this is really the angle

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that we have taken to approach this

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topic

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when you receive

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in a rehabilitation center

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patients who have been in hospital for a

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long time who are deconditioned and you

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need to bring them back to their

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previous level of health and of function

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then you have to look at the restoration

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of every system

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of those there is the bone system muscle

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system balance

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so when an astronauts come back from a

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long-term mission

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he presents many of the same

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characteristics as a rehab patient on

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earth who has been immobile for a long

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period of time

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now specifically for merrell

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many of those patients who have limited

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mobility

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who have been in bed for a long time or

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even in our western societies the

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sedentary lifestyle or the change in

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demographics where people move less and

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less

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we do notice higher proportion of anemia

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more susceptibility to infection so

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our findings could apply to the large

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number

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on thirst

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that's definitely good news for us and

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the astronauts then we really appreciate

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you talking with us again this was dr

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gee trudeau and dr odette newfield from

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the university of ottawa talking to us

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about their work with the marrow